The Engineered Chloroplast Genome Just Got Smarter

Hyperexpression of biopharmaceuticals in edible leaf chloroplasts documents a recent breakthrough in low-cost oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals that are bio-encapsulated in plant cells. This will enable treating human metabolic or genetic diseases, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, hypertension, hemophilia, and retinal diseases. New tools for smart chloroplast genome engineering are now available, including Gateway/modular vectors, RNAi...