Ethnic incongruence and the student–teacher relationship: The perspective of ethnic majority teachers

Among 36 ethnic-Dutch school teachers in the Netherlands, the present study examined the role of ethnic incongruence in perceived student–teacher relationship quality. Teachers rated their relationships with 59 Turkish-Dutch, 62 Moroccan-Dutch, and 109 ethnic-Dutch students attending grades 4 through 6 (Mage = 10.81 years, SD = 1.05). On average, relationships were less favorable for the Moroccan-Dutch students only. However, the effects of...