Importance of Relative Pulmonary Hypertension in Cardiac Surgery: The Mean Systemic-to-Pulmonary Artery Pressure Ratio

Objective: To determine the importance of the mean arterial pressure-to-mean pulmonary artery pressure ratio (MAP/MPAP) in cardiac surgical patients. Design: Retrospective and prospective studies (3 groups). Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: Cardiac surgical patients (1,557). Intervention: Retrospective analysis (group 1), induction of general anesthesia (group 2), and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (group 3). Measurements...