Effect of Maternal Malnutrition and Anemia on the Endocrine Regulation of Fetal Growth

Fetal growth retardation is a result of a complex pathology caused by multiple factors of fetal, placental, and maternal origin. Hormones and growth factors released as a result of maternal‐fetal physiological interactions play an importance role in fetal well being and fetal outcome. Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is associated with significant perinatal and childhood morbidity. It is estimated that 13.7 million infants are born...