Uniaxial and triaxial single and multistage creep tests on coal-measure shale rocks

We investigated the time-dependent behavior of laminated shale that is prone to massive roof falls. One particular compressional failure known as “Cutter” roof failure often transforms into massive roof failure within a few days or months. High horizontal stresses also increase the propensity of these failures. In the past few decades, the effects of high horizontal stresses have been studied using numerical models, and these studies have been...