Diagnostic Use of PAX8, CAIX, TTF-1, and TGB in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) may present with metastatic lesions in patients with a concurrent undiagnosed primary or a remote history of ccRCC. The thyroid is not uncommonly involved by metastatic ccRCC, in which a metastasis could be misinterpreted as a clear-cell change in adenomatoid nodules, follicular adenomas, or parathyroid glands. PAX8 is a transcription factor expressed by thyroid and renal-lineage cells. No previous study...