Mucosal HIV Vaccines: Where are We Now?

Around the world, approximately 5 million people became infected with HIV in 2001, an estimated 70% via sexual transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that it is difficult to achieve total protection from vaginally or rectally acquired HIV / SIV when using parenteral immunization. Mucosal immunization was seen as the best approach to achieve sustainable immune responses at mucosal sites of viral entry. This was further emphasized when...