Lactobacillus plantarum passage through an oro-gastro-intestinal tract simulator: Carrier matrix effect and transcriptional analysis of genes associated to stress and probiosis

Dietary probiotics should reach the intestine viable and in high numbers; therefore, they should tolerate the stress associated to the gastro-intestinal (GI) environment. Indeed, all along the different GI sections, probiotics are challenged by several sources of stress, including low pH, bile and digestive enzymes. Bacterial cells are equipped with various defense mechanisms to allow survival in hostile environments. The food matrix used to...