Cable-Strengthened C2 Pedicle Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Congenital C2-3 Fusion, Atlas Occipitalization, and Atlantoaxial Dislocation

Atlas occipitalization and congenital C2-3 fusion often result in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and superior odontoid migration that requires occipitocervical fixation. The widely used technique is posterior occiput-C2 fixation with pedicle screws. However, congenital C2-3 fusion cases tend to have thinner C2 pedicles that are inadequate for normal-sized pedicle screw fixation. With the presence of AAD, the strength of the fixation is further...