A dynamic closed-loop vehicle routing problem with uncertainty and incompatible goods

This study investigates a dynamic closed-loop vehicle routing problem (VRP) with uncertain pickup and deterministic delivery of incompatible goods, which is an extension of the VRP with simultaneous pickup and delivery (VRPSPD) in closed-loop logistics, where the incompatibility between goods of pickup and delivery is considered. The problem involves minimizing transportation cost, incompatibility and number of customers visited twice. A...