Transient thermal shock fracture analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric materials by the extended finite element method

Transient thermal dynamic analysis of stationary cracks in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) based on the extended finite element method (X-FEM) is presented. Both heating and cooling shocks are considered. The material properties are supposed to vary exponentially along specific direction while the crack-faces are assumed to be adiabatic and electrically impermeable. A dynamic X-FEM model is developed in which both...