Oxidized Haemoglobin–Driven Endothelial Dysfunction and Immune Cell Activation: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by endothelial dysfunction, and in which innate and adaptive immune responses have a crucial role. Autoimmune reactions against several self molecules and modified self molecules have been identified in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Oxidative stress, increasingly reported in these patients is the major event causing protein structural modifications,...