Early-Stage Bladder Cancer Surveillance Does Not Improve Survival If High-Risk Patients Are Permitted to Progress to Muscle Invasion

Objectives Surveillance of early-stage bladder cancer (cTis-T1) permits bladder preservation with conservative treatments, using cystectomy to salvage patients with refractory disease. Despite close observation, some tumors progress to muscle invasion during this period. Historically, some believed that cystectomy applied in this setting could provide a better outcome in patients with “early” cT2 disease compared with those with de novo cT2...