Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Cancer: New Roles for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Tumor Resistance Mechanisms, and New Blocking Strategies

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor (IR) are receptor tyrosine kinases that are expressed in cancer cells. The results of different studies indicate that tumor proliferation and survival is dependent on the IGF1R and IR, and that their inhibition leads to reductions in proliferation and increases in cell death. Molecular targeting therapies that have been used in solid tumors include anti-IGF1R antibodies,...