Allogeneic retrovirally transduced, IL-2- and IFN-γ-secreting cancer cell vaccine in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer—a phase I clinical trial

Background The purpose of this vaccine study was to determine the safety and feasibility of vaccination with an allogeneic prostate carcinoma cell line, LNCaP, expressing recombinant interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and to evaluate the efficacy of inducing tumor‐specific immune responses in HLA‐A2‐matched patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Methods In a dose‐escalating phase I study, HLA‐A2‐matched HRPC patients...