An isogeometric approach for the analysis of composite steel–concrete beams

An isogeometric approach based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) basis functions is presented for the analysis of composite steel–concrete beams. A refined high-order theory is considered in deriving the governing equations using the principle of virtual work. The employed theory satisfies all the kinematic and stress continuity conditions at the layer interfaces and considers effects of the transverse normal stress and transverse...