Noninvasive skin measurements to monitor chronic renal failure pathogenesis

Cutaneous manifestations are common in hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Associated with uremia, pruritus is a frequently observed symptom in CRF patients and increases with deteriorating renal function. Skin hydrophilic biomarkers (SHB) may be altered in CRF compared to healthy controls.A noninvasive skin wash sampling technique to detect the expression of SHB, by measuring their secretion on skin surface, was used on...