Transient dynamic crack analysis in non-homogeneous functionally graded piezoelectric materials by the X-FEM

We study transient dynamic fracture behaviors of stationary cracked functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under impact loading by using the extended finite element method (X-FEM). The material properties are assumed to be varied exponentially along one direction. A dynamic X-FEM model associated with the stable implicit integration technique is developed to serve that purpose, while the contour interaction integral technique is...