In vitro biotransformation of red ginseng extract by human intestinal microflora: Metabolites identification and metabolic profile elucidation using LC–Q-TOF/MS

Ginseng is an important and widely used herbal medicine in Asia and has gained popularity in the western countries. Ginseng products are usually administered orally, after which their complicated components are brought into contact with intestinal microflora in the alimentary tract and metabolized. The metabolic investigation of ginseng in intestinal tract is necessary for elucidating its pharmacological activities. However, most of the reports...