A review of growth mechanism, structure and crystallinity of anodized TiO2 nanotubes

This paper reviews the state of the art of anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs), with an emphasis on the growth mechanism leading to their formation and the effect of heat treatment on their structure and properties. The discussion is primarily focused on TiO2 NTs grown in fluoride containing electrolytes, although the mechanism of formation of NTs in fluoride free solutions via Rapid Breakdown Anodization (RBA) is briefly covered....