Energetics and kinematics of walking in the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)

Barnacle geese were walked on a treadmill at speeds ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 m s− 1, which was their highest sustainable speed. No evidence for a gait change was found. The gait of a barnacle goose appears to conform to the classical pendulum mechanics based model of walking, with the kinetic energy of forward motion (horizontal kinetic energy, Ekh) out-of-phase with the sum of the gravitational potential (Ep), and vertical kinetic (Ekv)...