Surgical Workforce Since the 1975 Study of Surgical Services in the United States

The Flexner Report in 1910 was the first workforce study of the modern era. In 1900 there were 160 medical schools graduating 5214 students. They were the survivors of 457 schools that dotted the landscape with medical schools in the 19th century, especially in the midwestern region of the United States.1 In the late 19th century, the United States was producing nearly half of the world’s medical graduates. By the time of the Flexner report in...