The long-term strength of lac du bonnet granite

Osmotic pressure generation, ion migration, shale swelling, and strength reduction are some problems engineers face when drilling through reactive shale. Mody and Hale's model for evaluating the osmotic pressure is not explicitly time-dependent, whereas diffusion is. Moreover, it does not consider membrane destruction with time. Thus, it becomes difficult to apply the model during the analysis of time-dependent instability without needing the...