Innervation and connexin isoform expression during diabetes-related bladder dysfunction: early structural vs. neuronal remodelling

Urinary bladder dysfunction is a major complication in diabetes mellitus and its mechanism has been attributed to altered neurological function (autonomic and/or peripheral neuropathy). Previous studies have demonstrated impaired nerve deficiencies, including either loss of nerve function and/or anatomical loss of neuromuscular nerve terminals. While the phenomenon of diabetes-related neurological injury is well recognised, its pathogenesis is...