Microwave-Assisted Procedure for Salinity Evaluation of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions

A procedure for salt extraction of heavy crude oil emulsions (API lower than 14°) was performed using microwave radiation. Emulsion was transferred to high-pressure quartz vessels with further water addition. Microwave radiation was applied for 60 min, and after separation of phases, chloride determination was performed in the water phase by ion chromatography (IC). The sampling procedure, heating time (10−40 min), microwave power (500−800 W),...