Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Oncologic Outcomes in Primary Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Cigarette smoking is the best-established risk factor for urothelial carcinoma (UC) development, but the impact on oncologic outcomes remains poorly understood. To analyse the effects of smoking status, cumulative exposure, and time from smoking cessation on the prognosis of patients with primary non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We collected smoking data from 2043 patients with primary NMIBC. Smoking variables included smoking status,...