Void initiation in ductile fracture

Yielding loads (Py) from small three-point-bending (3-p-b) specimens with notch tips in the heat-affected zone, fusion zone, weld metal, and base metal of Q235 (common carbon steel in China) were used to estimate the corresponding fracture toughnesses. To model the elastic and plastic fracture around the Q235 welded joint, the boundary effect model initially developed for quasi-brittle fracture of heterogeneous solids with a large crack-tip...