Design of prevascularized three-dimensional cell-dense tissues using a cell sheet stacking manipulation technology

To survive three-dimensional (3-D) cell-dense thick tissues after transplantation, the improvements of hypoxia, nutrient insufficiency, and accumulation of waste products are required. This study presents a strategy for the initiation of prevascular networks in a 3-D tissue construct by sandwiching endothelial cells between the cell sheets. For obtaining a stable stacked cell sheet construct, a sophisticated 3-D cell sheet manipulation system...