Assessment of vehicle roof crush test protocols using FE models: inverted drop tests versus updated FMVSS No. 216

Inverted drop test is a dynamic roof crush test which is simple, realistic, reliable and easily implemented. It can produce repeatable roof impacts that can be used to compare one test run with another and has long been used by the automotive industry and researchers to test roof integrity. However, practical full-scale vehicle roof crush tests are always very costly, especially for finding out the impact orientation for the worst structural...