Ultimate Lateral Resistance of Pile Groups in Sand

Experimental investigations on model pile groups of configuration 1 × 1, 2 × 1, 3 × 1, 2 × 2, and 3 × 2 for embedment length-to-diameter ratios L/d = 12 and 38, spacing from 3 to 6 pile diameter, and pile friction angles δ = 20° and 31°, subjected to lateral loads, were conducted in dry Ennore sand obtained from Chennai, India. The load-displacement response, ultimate resistance, and group efficiency with spacing and number of piles in a group...