Clinical complications of urinary catheters caused by crystalline biofilms: something needs to be done

This review is largely based on a previous paper published in the journal Spinal Cord . The care of many patients undergoing long‐term bladder catheterization is complicated by encrustation and blockage of their F oley catheters. This problem stems from infection by urease‐producing bacteria, particularly P roteus mirabilis . These organisms colonize the catheter forming an extensive biofilm; they also generate ammonia from urea, thus elevating...