Echinacea Alkamides Prevent Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine- Induced Acute Hepatic Injury through JNK Pathway-Mediated HO-1 Expression

This study aimed to shed light on the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect of the major alkamides dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z(E)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (Alk-8/9), isolated from Echinacea purpurea roots, against acute fulminant hepatitis induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) in mice. The results show that Alk-8/9 dose-dependently induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages...