A novel method to prevent recurrent balloon rupture during dilation of heavily calcified conduits in preparation for transcatheter pulmonary valve placement

A 24-year-old female presented for percutaneous pulmonary valve placement. She was born with tetralogy of Fallot and had initial palliation with a Blalock-Taussig shunt followed by complete repair at age of 4 years including placement of a homograft conduit in the right ventricle to pulmonary artery position. She had developed severe obstruction in the conduit.Angiography showed a heavily calcified conduit with moderate insufficiency. During...