Pain Assessment Using Self-reported, Nurse-reported, and Observational Pain Assessment Tools among Older Individuals with Cognitive Impairment

Pain assessment in older individuals with cognitive impairment is challenging. Evidence on the performance of pain assessment tools in this population remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of self-reported pain, nurse-reported pain, and observational pain tools among older patients with cognitive impairment using a prospective observational design. In all, 152 older individuals admitted to the acute geriatric...