The emerging functions of oligodendrocytes in regulating neuronal network behaviour

Myelin is required for efficient nerve conduction, but not all axons are myelinated to the same extent. Here we review recent studies that have revealed distinct myelination patterns of different axonal paths, suggesting that myelination is not an all or none phenomenon and that its presence is finely regulated in central nervous system networks. Whereas powerful reductionist biology has led to important knowledge of how oligodendrocytes...